乳腺癌是通过一系列测试和程序来诊断的,其中可能包括:
1. 临床乳房检查:医疗保健专业人员将检查乳房是否有任何肿块,大小或形状变化或其他异常.
2. 乳房X射线: 乳房X射线可以检测到异常,甚至在感觉到之前.
3. 超声波:使用声波对乳房组织进行成像的测试,这可以帮助确定肿块是固体还是液体.
4.MRI:磁共振成像 (MRI) 扫描使用磁场和无线电波来创建乳房组织详细的图像.
5. 活检:取出一小部分乳房组织,并在显微镜下检查,以确定是否存在癌细胞.
6. 血液检查:某些血液检查,如全血计数或肿瘤标记,可以帮助确定癌症的阶段或监测治疗.
7. 基因检测:如果有乳腺癌的家族史,可以进行基因检测以确定是否存在遗传基因突变,从而增加乳腺癌的风险.
8. 骨
一旦诊断出乳腺癌, 可能会进行进一步的测试来确定癌症的阶段和程度, 这有助于指导治疗决定.
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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