乳腺癌的病理生理学是指乳腺癌的发展和进展中发生的正常生理过程和机制的异常变化.
它涉及研究导致癌细胞在乳房组织中不受控制的生长和扩散的基本生物和分子机制.
这包括促进乳腺癌的发作,促进和进展的遗传,表观遗传和环境因素.
乳腺癌的一些关键病理生理变化包括:
1. 基因突变:某些基因的突变,如BRCA1和BRCA2,可以增加患乳腺癌的风险.
这些突变可以遗传或在人的一生中获得.
2. 荷尔蒙失衡: 荷尔蒙,特别是雌激素,可以在乳腺癌的发育和生长中发挥作用.
荷尔蒙水平不平衡或暴露于过量的雌激素可以增加乳腺癌的风险.
3. 炎症: 乳腺组织中的慢性炎症可以通过促进癌细胞的生长和生存来促进乳腺癌的发展.
4. 肿瘤微环境:肿瘤周围的环境,包括细胞外基质,免疫细胞和血管,可以影响乳腺癌的生长和扩散.
5. 转移: 乳腺癌可以通过淋巴系统或血流扩散到身体的其他部位, 导致远处器官中形成二次肿瘤.
了解乳腺癌的病理生理学对于制定有效的预防,早期发现和治疗策略至关重要.
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Pathophysiology of breast cancer refers to the abnormal changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of breast cancer.
It involves the study of the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that lead to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells in the breast tissue.
This includes the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the initiation, promotion, and progression of breast cancer.
Some of the key pathophysiological changes in breast cancer include:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.
An imbalance in hormone levels or exposure to excess estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer.
3. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the breast tissue can contribute to the development of breast cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.
4. Tumor microenvironment: The environment surrounding the tumor, including the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and blood vessels, can influence the growth and spread of breast cancer.
5. Metastasis: Breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.
Understanding the pathophysiology of breast cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
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